Wednesday, April 14, 2021

Belarus raises rate 1st time in 6 years as inflation rises

      The central bank of Belarus raised its benchmark interest rate for the first time in more than 6 years to limit what is said was "pro-inflationary risks" and strengthen its control over money supply as it seeks to pull back rising inflationary expectations.
     The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus (NBRB) raised its refinancing rate by 75 basis points to 8.50 percent, its first rate hike since January 2015 that comes after the bank's board last month tightened its control over liquidity and the expansion of its monetary base to limit inflation.
     In addition to the refi rate, the central bank also raised the overnight loan rate to 9.5 percent and the overnight deposit rate to 7.50 percent.
     Today's rate hike punctuates a monetary easing cycle under way since April 2016, which comprised 19 cuts to the refi rate by a total of 17.25 percentage points, including three cuts last year by 1.25 percentage points.
     Belarus has a history of rampant inflation which hit an annual 110 percent in January 2012 when the central bank's refi rate was 45 percent. From that level, inflation declined and in February 2012 the central bank began lowering its refi rate and cut it more than in half by August 2014.
     After an uptick in inflation in 2015, NBRB reversed course and raised its rate but then returned to the easing path in April 2016 as inflation continued its steady decline.
      But since August 2020 inflation in Belarus has accelerated, pushed up by the one-two punch of a fall in the Belarus ruble in March following the global COVID-19 crises and then political unrest following a contested presidential election in August 2020.
     "At the end of 2020, inflationary processes accelerated, which was due to the transfer of the depreciation of the Belarusian ruble to prices, as well as supply shocks in the markets of certain food products," NBRB said.
     After tumbling 18 percent against the U.S. dollar in February through late March last year, the ruble bounced back, like most other currencies.
      But after widespread protests broke out following the re-election of Alexander Lukashenko, who has ruled the former Soviet republic since 1994, the ruble again fell and has remained weak since then as demand for fresh elections continue and neither the United States nor the European Union have recognized Lukashenko as the country's legitimate leader.
      Today the ruble was trading at 2.61 to the U.S. dollar, down 0.8 percent this year and while it is up 2.7 percent since a record low of 2.68 in early September 2020, it is still almost 20 percent below its level at the start of 2020.
     While today's rate hike was hardly unexpected following last month's initial move to limit inflation, the timing of the board's decision was a surprise as the bank last month also canceled scheduled board meetings in favor of taking decisions when necessary.
      Although inflation in Belarus eased to 8.5 percent in March from 8.7 percent in February, it remains well above the central bank's target of 5.0 percent and the bank said surveys show inflation expectations have risen against the backdrop of rising inflation and its prolonged deviation from its target.
      In addition to the rise in food prices worldwide and higher prices for imported non-food products, domestic prices are also under upward pressure from changes to taxes.
      Easy monetary policy worldwide is also expected to boost inflation worldwide and the central bank said inflation in its main trading partner of Russia is first expected to return to its target in the first half of 2022.
      "Taken together, these factors form the preconditions for maintaining high inflationary expectations of economic agents for a long time, which increases the risk of continued high inflation in the future," the central bank said.
      Although weak domestic demand should lower the rise in consumer prices starting in the second quarter of this year, NBRB first expects inflation to decline by the end of this year to around 7 percent in December and then continue to ease to close to its 5.0 percent target from the second quarter of 2022.

     The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus issued the following press release:

"From April 21, 2021, the refinancing rate will be 8.5 percent per annum, the overnight loan rate - 9.5 percent per annum, the overnight deposit rate - 7.5 percent per annum.

The relevant decisions were made by the Board of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus following the meeting on monetary policy on April 14, 2021, taking into account a set of external and internal factors affecting the current and future dynamics of consumer prices.

At the end of 2020, inflationary processes accelerated, which was due to the transfer of the depreciation of the Belarusian ruble to prices, as well as supply shocks in the markets of certain food products.

In early 2021, inflation continued to accelerate under the influence of further increases in world food prices, as well as for imported non-food products, the cost of which to the consumer increased due to increased logistics costs and supply disruptions due to the pandemic.

An additional pro-inflationary influence on the domestic market of Belarus was formed in connection with the cancellation of benefits for value added tax.

These factors, against the backdrop of accelerating inflation and its prolonged deviation from the 5 percent level, led to an increase in inflation expectations, which is confirmed by the results of a survey of the population and monitoring of enterprises. As a result, the list of goods and services of the consumer basket expanded, the prices of which began to grow at a faster pace. At the end of March 2021, the increase in consumer prices amounted to 8.5 percent in annual terms.

In order to limit inflation, the National Bank, within the framework of the monetary targeting regime, adopted a set of measures aimed at strengthening control over the money supply.

An increased inflationary background is expected in the global economy in the near future, which is due to the implementation of a stimulating monetary policy by a number of developed countries. Inflation is also expected to be high in the countries - the main trade partners of Belarus. Thus, according to forecasts of the Bank of Russia, the growth of consumer prices in the Russian Federation will slow down to target targets no earlier than the first half of 2022.

At the same time, the impact on inflation in Belarus of food price shocks, as well as the consequences of the pandemic in terms of an increase in the cost of imported non-food products, may be more significant.

Taken together, these factors form the preconditions for maintaining high inflationary expectations of economic agents for a long time, which increases the risks of continued high inflation in the future.

At the same time, weak consumer and investment demand within the country will somewhat limit inflation.

In these conditions, in order to limit pro-inflationary risks and strengthen measures in the area of ​​control over the money supply, the Board of the National Bank made a decision to increase the refinancing rate by 75 basis points.

Taking into account the influence of all factors, starting from the second quarter of 2021, a decrease in the quarterly growth rates of consumer prices is predicted. At the same time, the earlier acceleration will be reflected in annual inflation until the end of this year. It is expected that the annual rate of price growth will increase in the II quarter compared with the current value and then decline by the end of this year. In December 2021, the increase in consumer prices is estimated at about 7 percent.

In the future, annual inflation will continue to slow down, and from the second quarter of 2022 it is estimated at the level of the medium-term target - close to 5 percent.

When considering monetary policy issues, the Board of the National Bank will continue to proceed from the need to maintain price stability. The decisions made will be based on a comprehensive analysis of external and internal factors, taking into account the duration of their influence and possible secondary effects, as well as on the assessment of inflationary risks."

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